144â145. Another remnant of the officers' personal stores was discovered in 1997, consisting of a woven basket filled with tobacco and expensive imported foodstuffs and spices, including ginger, plums, grapes and cinnamon quills. After four years of service, the ship foundered in rough weather at the Battle of Ãland on 1 June 1676: while making a sharp turn under too much sail she capsized, and the gunpowder magazine ignited and blew off most of the bow. He was one of the ministers of the great church at Charenton, near Paris. [97], Following the completion of the South station's demolition in 1996, thousands of pounds were spent on a number of security measures; the site was fenced off, bunding was installed, warning signs were put up and security patrols took place. Its exact position was rediscovered in 1980 by the amateur researcher Anders Franzén, who had also located the 17th-century warship Vasa in the 1950s. [61], The remains of Kronan lie at a depth of 26 m (85 ft), 6 km (3.7 mi) east of Hulterstad, off the east coast of Ãland. 24 has since been sent to Statfold Barn Railway for preservation. Patterson, a sampler at the power station, and M. Ridley, a contractor. Altogether there were seven separate levels, divided by six decks. The ship had three full gundecks with guns from bow to stern. From 1957 they were operated by the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB), following the Electricity Act 1957. After losing two of its highest ranking commanders as well as its two largest ships, the Swedish fleet fled in disarray. When built, she was one of the largest seagoing vessels in the world. By using contemporary documents describing the approximate measurements, it has been estimated at around 2,300 tonnes. [68], From the start, the power stations' fly ash was dumped in the North Sea, and 800,000 tonnes of fly ash were dumped between the Stella and Blyth stations in 1976. [64] The entire load of ash was dumped through two hydraulically operated doors in only a few minutes. 122â23. Kronan, also called Stora Kronan,[1] was a Swedish warship that served as the flagship of the Swedish Navy in the Baltic Sea in the 1670s. Each of the boilers had an evaporation rating of 550 kL/h, a steam pressure of 950 psi and a steam temperature of 925 °F. Osteologist Ebba Düring has suggested that discipline and social cohesion collapsed during the sinking. [64] As a flagship, Kronan carried a large amount of cash in the form of silver coins. [63] There have been several discoveries of considerable importance, and some of unique historical and archaeological value. Originally, they carried ash waste from Dunston power station as well. This meant that less ash was produced by the Stella and Dunston stations; so by the end of the 1960s, the CEGB sold Hexhamshire Lass and Bobby Shaftoe. The power stations had the "brick-cathedral" style of design[2] popular for power stations in the 1930s and 1940s and, as of 2009, still tenuously surviving at Battersea power station in London. [90] At 93 ha (230 acres), the reclamation of the two neighbouring sites was one of the UK's largest land reclamation schemes; it was completed in 2000. The construction of Kronan lasted from 1668 to 1672 and was delayed by difficulties with financing and conflicts between the shipwright Francis Sheldon and the Swedish admiralty. 114â15, 118â19. [28] In March 1967, Stella South's male first aid team won a national first aid competition in Harrogate, organised by the CEGB. When the Swedish fleet left Trelleborg on 30 May they were soon intercepted by the allied fleet, which then began a pursuit. The Swedish officers formed a battle line that held together only with great difficulty. The fleet, now under the command of the seasoned sea officer Claes Uggla, was blocked by ice when it reached Dalarö on 23 January. Tri. [69], Approximately seven percent of the finds consist of textiles. )[65] However, on 15 December 1975, Bessie Surtees collided with the Swing Bridge, forcing it to close for the rest of that weekend. A valuable red jacket in bright red cloth that was worn by one of those who drowned on the ship could have belonged to one of these retinues. [21] Their chimneys could be seen along a roughly 13.8 km (8.6 mi) long section of the Tyne valley; from Bensham near Gateshead down to Heddon-on-the-Wall in Northumberland: almost no other building was present to obstruct the view. Born at Alencon, 1641; died in London, 1717. Elk met hun eigen stijl, voorkeur en soms zelfs met wat exclusieve, interactieve content. Furthest down in the ship, above the keel, was the hold, and immediately above it, but still below the waterline, lay the orlop; both were used primarily for storage. She then rapidly sank with the port side down. A cannonball from the battle was on display in the South station for many years, after having been dredged from the river bed. [23], On the morning of 14 December 1955, during the stations' construction, switchgear exploded in the South station's substation, closing down the generators. [94][95] In early 2012, Stella House became the National HQ of the NHS Business Service Authority following the winding down of One NorthEast. Besides being the largest and most heavily armed ship in the Swedish Navy, she had been an important status symbol for the monarchy of the young Charles XI. The upper figure matches the calculations of the number of gunports on the remains of the wreck and the number of guns that could practically fit on the gun decks. When built, she was one of the largest seagoing vessels in the world. Altogether around 1,400 men died when Kronan and Svärdet were lost, and in the days following the battle, hundreds of corpses were washed up on the east coast of Ãland. With the help of diving bells, they were able to raise 60 cannons worth 67,000 daler in the summers (c. JuneâAugust) of 1679â86, beginning as soon as the war with Denmark had ended. Gunnar Grandin, "Nervkris eller chansning" in Johansson (1985), pp. Unlike Vasa, Kronan's sailing characteristics were not inherently flawed and the ship had served for several years in rough seas. The construction of Kronan lasted from 1668 to 1672 and was delayed by difficulties with financing and conflicts between the … A new bus link to Blaydon will improve transport links. In these situations they were effectively just over-priced two-deckers. The crew was unable to correct the imbalance and the ship laid over completely with the masts parallel with the water. Historians working with the excavation of the wreck site have compared the ship with a middle-sized Swedish town of the late 17th century, describing it as a "miniature society". [92] The park has a 4 km (2.5 mi) cycle route and nature trail around its edge, which takes visitors, walkers and cyclists beside the river and past the point in which the North station's cooling towers once stood. [3] England also sent a fleet in November the same year, to assist Sweden in keeping the Sound Toll out of Danish and Dutch control. Plaats hier je fotografie, tips om te fotograferen, advies over fotobewerking, het mooiste werk van beroemde fotografen, et cetera ! [39] The boilers were of the radiant-heat type, comprising a water-cooled combustion chamber, controlled-type superheater and an economiser. [63] All three were built by Charles Hill & Sons of Bristol, in 1955. Project Gutenberg Australia Title: The Great Gatsby Author: F. Scott Fitzgerald * A Project Gutenberg of Australia eBook * eBook … [58] According to Sjöblom it is still unclear to historians whether there was a designated ship commander on Kronan with overall responsibility. [33][91] This made way for an industrial/business park, Newburn Riverside, the first phase of whose construction was completed in 2005. [24] The only exceptions were the soldiers of the Västerbotten infantry regiment who had by the 1670s been equipped with the first "Carolingian"[25] uniforms in blue and white. After the mid-17th century, tactics shifted from close-quarter fighting to disabling or sinking opponents through superior, long-distance firepower. Both works were commissioned many years after the sinking to commemorate the Danish victory. It was therefore in the interest of the Swedish Navy to salvage as many of the cannons as possible. The loss of Kronan was a hard blow for Sweden during the Scanian War. Liefde & Boys Officers maintained a large collection of fine clothing for use on board, but it is not known if it was used during everyday work. The award was presented by Sir Christopher Hinton, the first chairman of the CEGB. [43][44] Stella South had a total generating capacity of 300 MW and Stella North originally 240 MW (later recorded as only 224 MW). [70], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}56°26â²58â³N 16°40â²20â³E / 56.44944°N 16.67222°E / 56.44944; 16.67222, The flagship of the Swedish Navy in the Baltic Sea in the 1670s. The crew would have resorted to "all the means at their disposal, both physical as well as psychological" to escape the ship,[39] an interpretation that is echoed by historian Ingvar Sjöblom. Lundgren (1997), pp. Charles wanted to know if Bär and other officers were guilty of cowardice or incompetence. [10] Between 1887 and 1916, the Stella Haugh had been the site of the annual Blaydon Races,[2] which stopped after a riot broke out following allegations of race fixing. The song was written in 1862. [106] In 1985, the Stella power stations are seen briefly in a shot in Seacoal, a movie made by Amber Films. 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The Dutch intervened in 1658 by sending a fleet to stop the attempt to crush Denmark. [108] In 1981, it was featured in Swing Bridge Videos' Check it Out, a short film about youth unemployment in the west end of Newcastle. [6], The site chosen for Stella North was the Newburn Haugh, which was the site of Lemington Hall. [71][74] They had been overtaken technologically, and had lower generating capacity than newer plants such as Drax. Onder de slogan 'Minder lezen, Meer weten' vat Welingelichte Kringen dagelijks berichten samen uit de internationale pers. [20], The construction of Kronan began in October 1665, and the hull was launched on 31 July 1668. Sheldon in turn complained about constant delays on the navy's part and lack of necessary funds to complete the project. The 21-year-old has endured a difficult first season at Chelsea following his £72m arrival from Bayer Leverkusen but he was the standout player in Monday's 2-0 win over Everton. Stella South, with a generating capacity of 300 megawatts (MW), was built on the site of the Blaydon Races,[2] and Stella North, with a capacity of 240 MW, on that of the former Lemington Hall. 28 februari 2021 Leiderschap, Leren, Onderwijs, Samenwerken, Veranderen 00:28:17. [4], In 1997[86] there had been plans for a £130 million combined cycle gas turbine power station on the site of the Ever Ready battery factory to the West of the site of the North station. When Kronan was built, the English approach to building had prevailed, giving hulls a more rounded bottom and greater draft, as well as a sturdier frame and increased stability. However, large sections of the fencing were stolen and the warning signs were ignored. Onder collectief vaandel streamen verschillende redactieleden van Gamersnet hun eigen game-avonturen. At times, this meant the estate being exposed to as much as 1.25 parts per million of sulphur dioxide. A Danish force had managed to reach the open waters farther off and observed the immobilized Swedish ships from a distance. [2] Disbanding its armies would have required paying outstanding wages, so there was an underlying incentive to keep hostilities alive and let the army live off enemy lands and plunder. Kronan's construction was not inherently flawed; the ship handled harsh weather conditions in 1675 and again only a week before capsizing, but she could be dangerous if handled poorly. In 1982, a collection of 255 gold coins was found, most of them ducats. [42], According to the artillery officer Anders Gyllenspak, only 40 men, including himself, survived the sinking: Major Johan Klerk, 2 trumpeters, 14 sailors and 22 soldiers, which means that more than 800 had perished. Gameliner - In lijn met Gamers! ... for a legislative grant, franchise, subsidy or tax exemption is worth more than a Kimberly or Comstock lode, since it does not require any labor, either … The Swedish army had only recently introduced standardized uniforms, something that was still uncommon in most of Europe. [44] The losses were even worse since Kronan was the flagship and was manned with the best sailors and gunners in the fleet. 17â19, Göran Rystad "SkÃ¥nska kriget och kampen om hegemonin i Norden" in Rystad (2005), pp. [9], The measurements for Kronan were recorded in contemporary navy lists. [88] The station would have had a generating capacity of 350 MW. [73][79] Both stations were demolished by Thos W Ward Industrial Dismantling of Barnsley,[35] which started with the South station, whose twin chimneys were destroyed on 29 October 1995 by 82 kilograms (181 lb) of explosives. Jetzt lesen! The navy administrators complained that he was unduly delaying the project and was spending too much time on his own private business ventures. With the two instruments the team pinned down a likely location, and in early August 1980, sent down underwater cameras to reveal the first pictures of Kronan. [2] Trains could only enter the sidings when travelling in a westerly direction. The Privy Councilor Erik Lindschöld had been assigned by the King to assist with the expedition, and he came up with the idea of cutting the fleet out of the ice to reach the open sea. [78] St Paul's Developments then bought the two sites from National Power in 1993. [3] These were three-cylinder reaction type steam turbines operating at 3,000 rpm, generating 60 MW of electricity. [32] This conveyor belt system was built by E. N. Mackley & Co, Gateshead. Blyth power stations' licence was terminated by the end of 1992, ending fly ash dumping in the North Sea. Their closure coincided with that of a large number of coal mines in the North East of England, just after the privatisation of both the electricity industry and the National Coal Board in the early 1990s. (@wiggle_sport) But the proposal was opposed by the coal mining industry and dropped. The soldiers on board were recruited from the army equivalents, knekthÃ¥ll or rotehÃ¥ll, ("soldier" or "ward household") from inland areas. It was also found to create problems for the fishing industry, when their trawlers caught large lumps of it. He testified that Kronan's ballast had been lightened at Dalarö at the beginning of the campaign and that she had not replenished her supply of drink, so that the ship had a shallower draft and would have been somewhat less stable than with full stores, though he did not blame this on Creutz. This is the civil equivalent of the Pope's claimed "apostolic succession" from Saint Peter. As a community afloat, Kronan mirrored the contemporary social standards of military and civilian life, two spheres that were not strictly separated in the 17th century. Rosenberg also believed that Bär on Nyckeln, admiral of the first squadron, was first to make a turn, and that Uggla considered it necessary to follow this unplanned maneuver to keep the fleet together. The stern was more streamlined below the waterline, which lessened resistance. The Stella power stations were a pair of now-demolished coal-fired power stations in the North East of England that were a landmark in the Tyne valley for over 40 years. However the estate was still built, as these peak conditions were thought unlikely to occur on more than 18 days in a year. [41], Despite these precautions, pollution from the power stations was still a factor. 9â10; Anders Franzén, "Kronan gÃ¥r av stapeln 1668" in Johansson (1985), pp. They tried to get ahead of Tromp's ships to gain the weather gage by getting between the allies and the shore, and thereby gaining an advantageous tactical position. The British demand for electricity increased after the Second World War. These included a 275 kilovolt (kV) connection from Stella to West Melton, and another 275 kV connection from Stella to Carlisle. Their operation required coal trains on both sides of the river to supply them with fuel and river traffic by flat iron barges to dump ash in the North Sea. In 1986, further experiments were done on Kronan. [23], As one of the largest ships of her time, Kronan had a sizable crew. With the support from different individuals and companies, like online lottery companies, dead or alive slot (click here to read more), and gokkasten platform, OnlineGokkenGids.com, we are able to continue the WebsitePanel.net project.Because of these companies and individuals we are able … Kronan turned to port (left), but with too much sail, and heeled so far over that she began to flood through the open gunports. [105], When still in operation, the power stations appeared in films and television programs shot in the Newcastle area. St Paul's Developments, the site developer, had often applied for planning permission to build housing and leisure facilities on the site over the course of six years, only to be refused. Juel had by then already left Visby, the principal port of Gotland with a garrison force. The renewed attack on Denmark threatened the trade interests of the leading maritime nations of England and the Dutch Republic by upsetting the balance of power in the Baltic. According to Rosenberg and Gyllenspak on Kronan, Creutz made a turn because Uggla had signaled that he was going about. The licence for Stella was terminated in May 1991, with the stations' closure. A large sculpture of a warrior figure was found in 1987 and is an example of high-quality workmanship, possibly even a symbolic portrait of King Charles. Ericson Wolke (2009), p. 115; Sjöblom (2003), p. 227, Ahlberg, Börjesson, Franzén & Grisell, "Kronan hittas", in Johansson (1985), pp. By early 1672, Sweden had improved its relations with France enough to form an alliance. The four cooling towers were demolished by explosives on 29 March 1992, in front of thousands of spectators. By Baltic Sea standards, the conditions are good for underwater archaeological work; the wreck site is far from land, away from the regular shipping lanes, and has not been affected by pollution from the land or excessive growth of marine vegetation. 48â49. [63], More than 30,000 artifacts from Kronan have been salvaged and cataloged, ranging from bronze cannons of up to four tonnes to small eggshell fragments. Blaydon Rugby Club's ground had been there since 1893, but in 1950 it was compulsorily purchased by the British Electricity Authority for £1,000. Göran Rystad "SkÃ¥nska kriget och kampen om hegemonin i Norden" in Rystad (2005), pp. The weather was unusually cold and stormy and the ships could not be heated. Dunston power station could not take the extra load and it also shut down, creating a total blackout on Tyneside. Unfall beim Überholen - Auf der Kreissstraße MÜ32 in Richtung Haag hat's gekracht . Contemporary records show that English and French three-deckers tended to be rather unstable because they were built high, narrow and with too much artillery. [15][19] Davenport Engineering Co. were responsible for the construction of the North station's cooling towers, as well as the stations' ancillary buildings. NÃ¥got om stora örlogsskepp i Europa under 1600-talets senare hälft" in, Johansson, Björn Axel (1993), "Med dykarklocka pÃ¥ regalskeppet Kronan" in Ryde, Torsten (editor), Pousette, Mary (2009) "Klädd ombord" in Schoerner, Katarina (editor). A new flagship was needed to replace the old Kronan from 1632. Vacatures, stages en BBL plekken bij de beste werkgevers bij jou in de buurt! In July 1956, the discharge of cooling water from the stations was noted to have increased the water temperature of the river by 1.5 °C between Ryton and Scotswood. The remaining section rose with the stern pointing up in the air and the broken-off front part toward the bottom. [34] The North station's four 73 m (240 ft) cooling towers were made from reinforced concrete and were of the typically hyperbolic, natural-draft design. [63], As early as the 1960s, the power stations' operating hours were decreased due to the opening of the much larger Blyth power station in Northumberland. [29] Altogether there were 28 large and medium warships and almost the same number of smaller vessels. [104], The power stations were a strong local landmark. Their scheme was for Patterson to substitute samples of reasonably good coal for the samples of poor coal taken from the lorries. In the early 1660s almost all the guns from Vasa had been brought up through greatly improved technology. Morgen zwei Sitzungen . Haager Gemeinderat und Bau- und Umweltausschuss tagen im Bürgersaal . During the 1950s and 1960s the team searched off Hulterstad by dragging, and later followed up with sonar scans. Vol passie, in de puurste vorm en zonder nonsens. Clothing was differentiated according to social standing, with officers from the nobility dressed in elegant and expensive clothing while the ordinary crew dressed like laborers. [35], After the failed action, the Swedish fleet anchored off Trelleborg where King Charles was waiting with new orders to recapture Gotland. Officers originated mainly from the nobility or from the upper middle class, and were paid through the allotment system or the income from estates designated for the purpose. [7], Kronan was one of the most heavily armed warships in the world in 1672 when she was launched, a three-decker with 110 guns. Brooksbank, a salesman for a coal firm; J.W. The width was 12.9 m (42 ft) and was defined as the widest point between the frames, excluding planking. From 1887 to 1914 the race course was on Stella haugh, the site of the former power station.
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